In HACCP, which principles involve identifying critical control points and establishing critical limits?

• A. Hazard analysis and prerequisite programs
• B. Determining critical control points (Principle 2) and establishing critical limits (Principle 3)
• C. Monitoring critical control points (Principle 5) and verification (Principle 6)
• D. Corrective actions (Principle 4) and record keeping (Principle 7)

Answer: (B)

Identifying where to apply control and what those controls must achieve are the two actions that set up a HACCP plan’s effectiveness. Determining critical control points means examining the process and pinpointing stages where a hazard can be prevented, eliminated, or reduced to an acceptable level, and where a control measure can be applied to achieve that protection. Establishing critical limits means deciding the exact criteria that must be met at each of those points—such as a specific temperature, time, pH, or other measurable condition—that ensure the hazard remains under control.

These two steps work hand in hand: once you know where control is needed, you define the precise limits that indicate everything is within safe boundaries. Without identifying CCPs, you wouldn’t know where to apply controls; without setting critical limits, you wouldn’t know what constitutes an acceptable level of control.

Other aspects of HACCP—like monitoring the CCPs to verify ongoing control, taking corrective actions when limits aren’t met, or maintaining records—support the system but do not establish where to apply controls or what those controls must achieve.